The automatic process that changes mining difficulty to keep block times consistent as network hashrate changes.

The block reward is the amount of new cryptocurrency a miner receives for successfully mining a block on the blockchain.

Block height is the position number of a block in the blockchain, counting from the first block ever created.

A compact summary at the top of each block containing metadata that miners hash to find valid proof-of-work solutions.

Block time is the average amount of time it takes for miners to find a new block and add it to the blockchain.

The first transaction in every block that creates new coins and pays them to the miner who solved the block.

A single hash that represents all transactions in a block, created by combining transaction hashes in a tree structure.

The mining target is a numerical threshold that a block’s hash must be below to be valid—it determines how difficult mining is at any given time.

A block confirmation occurs when a new block is added on top of the block containing your transaction, making it harder to reverse.

An orphan block is a valid block that gets rejected because another block at the same height was accepted first by the network.